Is it possible to extract the updated properties in events

You can do it in this way:

editor.on('component:styleUpdate:font-family', component => {
      console.log('updated component', component, 'font-family new value', component.getStyle()['font-family']);
    });

Thanks for your answer. That would mean that I had to write for every single an event handler. Isn't there a more generic way to solve this issue?

That would mean that I had to write for every single an event handler.

Every single what? property? In that case you can try this:

editor.on('component:styleUpdate', (component, prop) => {
	console.log('updated component', component, 'property:', prop, 'value:', component.getStyle()[prop]);
});